Due to the increasing ambient temperature of the fuel and the return of unused hot fuel from the engine, fuel vapors are generated in the tank. In order to control the release of these vapors to the atmosphere, the evaporative emissions control system is used. The evaporative emission control system reduces hydrocarbon (HC) emissions by trapping fuel tank vapors until they can be burned in the combustion process. Evaporating fuel is stored in a charcoal canister until it can be flushed into the intake manifold. The evaporative emission control system is made up of a fuel tank that can be completely sealed from outside air, a Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor (FTPS), a Canister Close Valve (CCV) that seals the canister from the outside air, a canister filled with activated charcoal granules, a Purge Control Solenoid Valve (PCSV). The evaporative emission system can be checked for leaks by sealing the system off from the outside air, creating a vacuum, and monitoring if the system can hold that vacuum sufficiently for a set amount of time. If it cannot, a leak exists somewhere in the system.

The PCM closes the Canister Close Valve (CCV) at the charcoal canister to seal off the evaporative emission system and then opens purge control valve (PCSV) to generate a vacuum in the fuel tank. After vacuum generation, the PCM measures pressure differential curve in the fuel tank and sets DTC P0442 or P0456 if the vacuum generated within a monitoring period increases above a defined threshold.

If same error code is set in the next driving cycle, the PCM illuminates the MIL.