The heated oxygen sensors are mounted on the front side and the rear sied of Catalytic Converter (warm-up catalytic converter), which detects the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas. The front HO2S signal is used to control air/fuel ratio (closed loop fuel control) and the rear HO2S signal is used to monitor front HO2S and catalyst for proper operation. The heated oxygen snesor (HO2S) produces a voltage that varies between 0V and 1V. When the air/fuel ratio is lean, the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas increases and the front HO2S outputs a low voltage (approximately 0 ~ 0.1 V).

When the air/fuel ratio is rich, the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas decreases and the front HO2S output a high voltage (approximately 0.8 ~ 1 V). The ECM constantly monitors the HO2S and increases or decreases the fuel injection duration by using the HO2S signal, which is called closed-loop fuel control operation.